Showing posts with label LOTUS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label LOTUS. Show all posts

2022/06/28

New "Drive Change" ESG charter commits Lotus to become first established sports car maker to go fully electric

2019 Lotus Evija

LOTUS CARS - 
Lotus has launched ‘Driving Change’, its new Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Charter. Its four core commitments will pave the way for the car maker’s future success as a responsible global business.

The four core commitments are:

  • All new mainstream vehicles from Lotus from 2023 will be fully electric
  • Lotus will be certified as a net-zero business through a commitment to become a SBTi (Science-Based Target initiative) organisation
  • The global community of Lotus colleagues – US LOT – will be at heart of global sustainable growth, ensuring all those inside the business are ‘called to action’ on the ESG priorities
  • Lotus is fully committed to inspiring the next generation through education and global communities’ outreach

Highlighting how Lotus will become the first established sports car maker in the world to have a fully electric product range, the charter is a key part of the Vision80 strategy which is guiding the transformation of Lotus, from a UK sports car company to a truly global performance car business and brand ahead of its 80th anniversary in 2028.

A strong ESG proposition promotes business efficiency, employee engagement and productivity, investment and asset optimisation. It also ensures Lotus is always aligned to its external regulatory commitments, driving innovation and competitiveness across all aspects of the business.

Matt Windle, Managing Director, Lotus Cars, said: “Our new ESG Charter formalises many activities that we have been carrying out for a number of years. Lotus as a business has always been agile, efficient and impactful within the automotive industry. Now, more than ever, as we transform rapidly to become a global pioneer of electric performance vehicles, we recognise our responsibility to do so in ways that lead our industry in minimising its impact on the environment, benefitting society and the planet as a whole.”

All new mainstream vehicles from Lotus from 2023 will be fully electric

The first of the four core ESG commitments is through the Lotus product line-up; all future new mainstream vehicles from Lotus will be fully electric. It’s a move inspired by the Lotus Evija – the world’s most powerful production car – launched in 2019 as the first British electric hypercar. Customer deliveries begin later this year.

The Evija was followed by the Emira sports car launched in 2021. It is not an EV but was designed using the same aerodynamic and efficiency principles, and is the last internal combustion engine-powered production car from Lotus. The Emira has also been designed and engineered to be more than 95% recoverable and more than 85% recyclable.

The latest of Lotus’ new generation of cars is the Eletre, launched earlier this year. It marks the company’s transition to a full line-up of electric vehicles and seals the brand’s place in history as the world’s first established sports car maker to go fully electric. The Eletre is a bold new hyper-SUV and sees the iconic Lotus sports car DNA evolved for a new generation of customers.

These new Lotus models will be joined by three more EVs in the next four years – a four-door sports sedan (the Type 133, which launches in 2023), a second SUV (Type 134, in 2025) and a lightweight next-generation sports car (Type 135, in 2026).

Lotus is also supporting other businesses in their desire to move to an all-electric future. The company’s Lightweight Electric Vehicle Architecture (LEVA) is the innovative new technology underpinning the Type 135 for Lotus, and is also commercially available through Lotus Engineering, the consultancy division of the business.

The passion that Lotus owners have for the brand is also part of the sustainability story. Since 1948, when the first Lotus car was born, more than 105,000 have been built and Lotus estimates up to 70% are still in use.

Lotus will become a net zero company through a commitment to become a Science-Based Target initiative (SBTi) organisation

The ESG Charter commits Lotus to become a SBTi organisation. Using an SBTi provides guidance and methods to companies to set science-based targets in line with the latest climate science.

The ultimate goal for Lotus is for certification as a net-zero company. This will be achieved through sustainability in the design of its products and the way they are manufactured, and is well underway today. The Driving Change commitment includes significant reduction in carbon emissions throughout the business; substantial elimination of waste; driving efficient and sustainable use of resources in both operations and supply chains; and protecting and preserving natural environments.

Much of this work is already in progress. For example, Lotus is a proud signatory of the COP26 zero emissions vehicle declaration, uses a REGO (Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin) energy tariff to power all UK sites, has installed energy sensors to monitor and analyse energy consumption and a solar array is in development to provide up to 30% of the total requirement. In addition, all human waste from the site is recycled and used to support local agriculture.

The global community of Lotus colleagues – US LOT – will be at heart of global sustainable growth, ensuring all those inside the business are ‘called to action’ on the ESG priorities

Lotus is and always will be a ‘people business’, constantly recognising teams of colleagues around the world. The global community of Lotus colleagues – collectively known as US LOT – will be at heart of its sustainable growth. Priority is given to the health and well-being of the entire Lotus community – both inside (employees and business partners) and outside the business (customers and fans) and this is key to the success of the business as it grows.

The Driving Change ESG Charter also ensures that diversity, equality and inclusion continue to be aligned to the core culture of respect; these are the fundamentals which have been passed down through the last 74 years, from when founders Colin and Hazel Chapman built the first Lotus car in 1948.

Lotus is fully committed to inspiring the next generation through education and global communities’ outreach programmes

To help inspire the next generation of Lotus colleagues, the business is leveraging its unique global appeal to stimulate the ambitions of young people, especially in the creative STEAM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics). Educational outreach programmes, including school visits to Lotus manufacturing facilities and the Lotus Learning Academy, have proved popular with local communities, and will continue and evolve.

Linked to this is how the company recognises that the Lotus family thrives beyond its site boundaries. It is already working with its communities outside the core business to provide support and stability within its environments.

To underpin the new ESG Charter, Lotus is adopting and aligning its strategy to external frameworks including the UN Global Compact. These frameworks follow recognised and accepted best practice for like-minded organisations. They include commitments to transparent, responsible and ethical business management with complete compliance to all legislation, yet allow Lotus as it grows to remain nimble so governance processes can expand and evolve.

2022/06/27

The Radford Type 62-2 declared winner of Michelin Showstopper Award at Goodwood Festival of Speed


RADFORD - 
Radford’s coachbuilt Lotus Type 62-2 has won the Michelin Showstopper Award at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed.

The prestigious accolade, voted for by the public, comes after the car made its global dynamic debut at the global event in front of thousands of fans.

Radford proved a major draw with showgoers, with huge numbers of visitors allowed to get up close and see around the upgraded Type 62-2, which was based within the Michelin Supercar Paddock over the four-day event.

An undeniable hit, the Radford Type 62-2 is not only a car that drives well on the race track and the road, but showcases exemplary attention to detail and craftsmanship throughout making it the epitome of outstanding beauty and ultimate performance.

Jenson Button: “Goodwood is always a wonderful event, but driving the Type 62-2 has made my 20th year at the Festival extra special. It’s fantastic to be able to be behind the wheel for the car’s global dynamic debut and show fans what we’ve been working on and it’s a true vindication that those same fans at Goodwood and from across the world have voted for our car as their Michelin Showstopper of the Festival, thank you to every single person who voted.”

Ant Anstead: “Winning the Michelin Showstopper Award is incredible. It was an amazing effort from the whole team to get the car prepared for this event and the positive response we’ve received throughout from fans and from customers in the car has been absolutely outstanding, especially considering the completion from far more established brands.

“It was actually emotional to see the car on the start line for the first time at Goodwood. We are constantly looking for new ways to improve the Type 62-2 so that it is the best it can be. The feedback from our drivers has given us enormous encouragement that the engineering refinements we have made to the car has made it feel and perform even better, ahead of first customer deliveries this year.” 

Richard Bezzant, Marketing Director, Michelin Tyre PLC: “We’re adding another very special car to the winners of the Michelin Showstopper Award today. The Radford is a thing of beauty; a classic-inspired creation by Ant Anstead, Jenson Button, Roger Behle and the whole Radford team. The reaction to the car this weekend has been so positive and the public made a clear choice - this is a showstopper indeed.”

Since its reveal in August 2021, the Radford Lotus Type 62-2 has undergone a host of refinements to make it one of the finest driving cars available, with all models personally signed off by F1 World Champion Jenson Button, who was behind the wheel of the car to take it for its dynamic debut run up the hill on the first day at Goodwood on Thursday.

Engineering partner WCM has delivered a host of tailored manufacturing solutions within the cockpit, alongside several technical upgrades to the chassis and engineering refinements from technical partners like Rock Engineering and JUBU Performance.

In an all-new burgundy colour scheme, the Type 62-2 features Dymag carbon fibre rims with lightweight magnesium centres and an F1-inspired centre lock. JUBU have developed new valve springs, bearings and camshafts and Rock Engineering has lightened the chassis and spaceframe. The Type 62-2 now also features new engine positioning, which has been shifted to allow for the lowest centre of gravity possible, making it one of the world’s lightest supercars.

For more information on the Type 62-2, visit the Radford website: https://radford.co/

2022/03/17

Lotus Emira First Edition: featuring the world’s most powerful four-cylinder engine


LOTUS CARS - 
Lotus has confirmed full details on the price and spec of the eagerly anticipated Emira First Edition. Fully loaded with a host of desirable technology, infotainment and comfort features, plus unique badging, the configurator for the four-cylinder two-seater is now live on www.lotuscars.com.

The Emira is the last petrol-powered car from Lotus before a thrilling new all-electric era begins on 29 March when the Type 132 makes its world debut. Critically acclaimed by the media, customer orders for the Emira V6 First Edition have far exceeded expectation and continue to flood in from all over the world. Last week there was a 50% increase in website traffic and an 175% increase in Emira enquiries following overwhelmingly positive global coverage of prototype ‘first drives’.

The new four-cylinder Emira is powered by a bespoke version of AMG’s M139 direct injection engine. It is manufactured specifically for the Lotus Emira, and includes hardware changes to aid mid-mounted integration and new software to give it a true Lotus character. It is the world’s most powerful four-cylinder engine homologated for road use (up to 208bhp / litre), widely regarded as the world’s best i4 unit and has an enviable reputation for reliability.

Using cutting-edge technology, it delivers outstanding performance for comparatively low emissions. The twin-scroll turbocharger with roller bearings is optimised for fast spool-up and minimum lag. The exhaust system is designed by Lotus and unique to the Emira.

Key to its appeal is the standard-fit eight-speed dual-clutch transmission (DCT) with paddleshift – a first for Lotus. Gavan Kershaw, Director, Vehicle Attributes, Lotus, said: “It’s a bespoke rear-wheel drive variant of the transmission developed by Lotus in collaboration with AMG. On top of that, the gearshift strategy has been defined by the Hethel team as part of the car’s performance attributes. It is unique to the Emira and optimised for the best blend of outstanding driving engagement and performance, fuel consumption and emissions.”

Delivering 360bhp, the car features a unique engine bay cover and C-pillar badging. As with the Emira V6 First Edition, the i4 version offers a high level of standard equipment and is available with a variety of ‘no-cost’ optional finishes and materials to enable customers to tailor the car to their own style. A number of additional cost options add an extra touch of personalisation.

The car rides on 20-inch ultra-lightweight V-spoke forged alloy wheels. They’re diamond-cut to create a premium two-tone finish, though silver or gloss black versions are available as a no-cost option. Two-piece brake discs – with branded calipers in either red, black, yellow or silver – are part of the First Edition spec, plus a Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). The car comes in one of six vibrant paint colours: Seneca Blue, Magma Red, Hethel Yellow, Dark Verdant, Shadow Grey and Nimbus Grey.

Exterior details include LED lights all round, a titanium exhaust finisher, heated power-fold door mirrors and rear parking sensors. The Lower Black Pack is fitted as standard, which means the front bumper air blades, front splitter, side sills and rear diffuser are all in finished in gloss black.

There are seven interior colour choices, all available at no extra cost. They are red, black, grey and tan Nappa leather, as well as black Alcantara with either red, yellow or grey stitching. Satin chrome trim finishers, white interior mood lighting and Lotus-branded sill kick plates complete the premium look.

The heated seats feature 12-way adjustability and two memory presets linked to the door mirrors (driver’s seat only). Climate control, cruise control, keyless start, voice control and selectable drive modes are all included.

Apple CarPlay and Android Auto are part of the spec, supported by Bluetooth and USB/12v sockets. Integrated satellite navigation is available in selected markets. The 10-channel/340W premium audio system has been developed in partnership with respected British brand KEF and includes DAB digital radio. All functions are accessed through a 10.25-inch centrally mounted touch-screen, with driver feedback through a 12.3-inch TFT instrument cluster ahead of the multi-function steering wheel.

Three more option packs are fitted as standard to the car, making four in total. The Lotus Drivers Pack gives customers the choice of Tour or Sport suspension, and the choice of Goodyear Eagle F1 Supersport or Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tyres. It also includes Track Mode ESP, with a new Track mode highlighted on the TFT instrument display screen which prioritises information required for high-performance driving.

The Design Pack adds privacy glass, sports pedals, a black Alcantara headliner and Emira-branded footwell mats. The Convenience Pack adds front parking sensors, rear reversing camera, rain-sensing wipers with aero blades, auto-dimming mirrors and a rear luggage storage net.

The Emira First Edition costs £71,995 (€87,995 in Germany, $85,900 in USA) and is now live on the configurator on www.lotuscars.com. Customers in the UK can reserve their chosen car via the website from 8 April and deliveries will start towards the end of the year.

The entry level four-cylinder Emira will, as previously revealed, cost £59,995. The full spec will be announced later this year, with cars available next spring. The entry level Emira V6 will be launched in January 2023 and will cost £64,995 (€81,995 in Germany, $82,900 in USA). More details on both models, including the full spec and options pricing, will be made available this summer. Online customer reservations will start at the same time.

In addition, Lotus has confirmed that an extended palette of new paints will be available exclusively on the entry level versions of both the Emira and Emira V6. There will be seven vibrant new shades coming at the start of 2023, with further details revealed this summer.

2022/01/07

Lotus global retail sales up 24% in best performance for a decade

Lotus Emira First Edition 2021

LOTUS CARS - 
Lotus has revealed its best annual global retail sales performance since 2011. The outstanding figures prove worldwide excitement about the brand’s transformation is translating into customers buying cars.

Retailers sold 1,710 new cars in 2021, the year the iconic Elise, Exige and Evora ended production. That compares with 1,378 sales in 2020, an increase of 24%. The Elise was the global top-seller as fans sought to secure a piece of automotive history via the highly specced Sport 240 Final Edition and the Cup 250 Final Edition models.

Sales performance was impressive across the globe. In Europe, the UK was up 29%, with Belgium the star performer up 37%. North American retailers covering USA and Canada were up 111% year-on-year, which was also their best performance in 10 years.

Records were broken in the Asia-Pacific region, where Japan had its best year since 2015, Australia since 2018 and Hong Kong since 2014. Qatar, which has been selling Lotus since 2016, had its best year ever. Further evidence of the ongoing transformation of the business came in Bahrain, Thailand and New Zealand, where Lotus sold its first new cars for at least seven years.

Geoff Dowding, Executive Director, Sales and Aftersales, Lotus, commented: “Our global retailers have risen to the challenge of giving the Elise, Exige and Evora the send-off they deserved. It means we’re in great shape for 2022 to focus on the all-new Lotus Emira, our last petrol-powered sports car and the best of breed.”

Matt Windle, Managing Director, Lotus Cars, added: “In difficult circumstances our retailers have delivered what was asked of them and more. It’s testament to their hard work, and that of our manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution teams around the world. A huge thank you to everyone involved – what a way to move into the era of Emira.”

The top 10 Lotus markets globally were:

Position

Market

1

USA

2

Japan

3

UK

4

Germany

5

France

6

Italy

7

Australia

8

Belgium

9

Switzerland

10

China

2021/09/21

Lotus confirms full specification and price of all-new Emira V6 First Edition


LOTUS CARS - Lotus has confirmed the price and full specification of the all-new Emira V6 First Edition. The car, fully loaded with a host of desirable technology, infotainment and comfort features plus unique badging, costs £75,995.

The price in major European markets has also been released, including in Germany where the car is €95,995. Prices in other international markets, including USA and China, will be released in the coming weeks. Production of the Emira V6 First Edition will start in the spring, with the ‘i4’ four-cylinder First Edition arriving in the autumn.

Matt Windle, Managing Director, Lotus Cars, commented: “The Emira is the most accomplished Lotus we've ever made, and to celebrate and reward our keenest early customers, we want to make the first cars extra special to own. The features have been carefully selected by our design team to make for a truly special and distinct First Edition.”

The Emira is an all-new mid-engine premium sports car that perfectly embodies the ongoing transformation of the Lotus business and brand. It features all the hallmarks that the automotive world has come to expect from a Lotus – striking design, thrilling dynamic performance delivering best-in-class ride and handling, outstanding aerodynamics and an unrivalled experience ‘For The Drivers’.

Building on the legacy of the Elise, Exige and Evora, the Emira represents a quantum leap forward for Lotus. Those instantly recognisable brand signatures and core values have been combined with a paradigm shift in levels of practicality, comfort, functionality and technology. The Emira has been developed on a new lightweight bonded aluminium chassis – technology pioneered by Lotus and which remains an intrinsic part of the company’s sports car DNA.

Powering the V6 First Edition is the much-loved and Lotus-honed 3.5-litre supercharged V6 engine, mid-mounted behind the two seats. Developing 400hp, it’s mated to a six-speed manual gearbox with a visible gearchange mechanism and hydraulic power-assisted steering.

The car rides on 20-inch ultra-lightweight V-spoke forged alloy wheels. They’re diamond cut to create a premium two-tone finish, though silver or gloss black versions are available as a no-cost option. Two-piece brake discs with branded calipers are part of the First Edition spec, plus a Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS).

The First Edition comes in one of six vibrant paint colours: Seneca Blue – which was seen at the car’s launch in July – plus Magma Red, Hethel Yellow, Dark Verdant, Shadow Grey and Nimbus Grey. More colours will be available during 2022.

Exterior details include LED lights all round, a titanium exhaust finisher, heated power-fold door mirrors and rear parking sensors. The Lower Black Pack is fitted as standard, which means the front bumper air blades, front splitter, side sills and rear diffuser are all in finished in gloss black.

There are seven interior colour choices, all available at no extra cost. They are red, black, grey and tan Nappa leather, as well as black Alcantara with either red, yellow or grey stitching. Satin chrome trim finishers, white interior mood lighting and Lotus-branded sill kick plates complete the premium look.

The heated seats feature 12-way adjustability and two memory presets linked to the door mirrors (driver’s seat only). Climate control, cruise control, keyless start and selectable drive modes are all included.

Apple CarPlay, Android Auto and satellite navigation (in selected markets) are integrated into the Emira V6 First Edition, supported by Bluetooth and USB/12v sockets. The 10-channel/340W premium audio system has been developed in partnership with respected British brand KEF and includes DAB digital radio. All functions are accessed through a 10.25-inch centrally mounted touch-screen, with driver feedback through a 12.3-inch TFT instrument cluster ahead of the multi-function steering wheel.

Three more option packs are fitted as standard to the car, making four in total. The Drivers Pack gives customer the choice of Tour or Sport suspension with Goodyear Eagle F1 Supersport tyres, or Sport suspension with Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tyres.

The Design Pack adds privacy glass, sports pedals, a black Alcantara headliner, and the choice of black, red, yellow or silver painted brake callipers. Lotus-branded footwell mats are also included. The Convenience Pack adds front parking sensors, rear reversing camera, rain-sensing wipers with aero blades, auto-dimming mirrors and a rear luggage storage net.

Options available at extra cost include a six-speed automatic gearbox with paddle shift (£1,800 / €2,600 in Germany); and the Black Pack, which colours the roof, cantrails, mirror backs, rear Lotus badge and exhaust finisher (£1,200 / €1,370 in Germany).

Production of the Lotus Emira V6 First Edition will start in the spring, with the ‘i4’ four-cylinder First Edition arriving later in the autumn. An entry level Emira – priced from £59,995 – will be available during 2023.

An updated version of the Emira First Edition configurator is now live at www.lotuscars.com, allowing customers to fully spec their car.  

LOTUS EMIRA V6 FIRST EDITION TECH SPEC

Engine configuration

3,456cc / V6

Engine model

Toyota 2GR-FE

Supercharger

Edelbrock 1740

Power

400hp / 298kW

Torque

420Nm (manual) / 430Nm (auto)

Max engine speed

6,800rpm

Gearbox

Six-speed manual / six-speed auto

CO2 emissions (WLTP combined)

243g/km*

0-60mph

4.3 seconds*

0-100km/h

4.3 seconds (manual) / 4.2 seconds (auto)*

Top speed

180mph / 290km/h*

Drag coefficient (Cd)

0.349*

                                         *subject to homologation

2021/09/08

From the road to the racetrack: resurgent Lotus motorsport division expands global commitment with Emira GT4 race car


LOTUS GROUP - 
Lotus, one of the most famous names in world motorsport, has revealed an all-new competition-spec GT4 challenger and at its core is the critically acclaimed Emira sports car.

The culmination of more than 70 years of innovation on the road and track, it marks the start of an exciting new era in performance GT racing for Lotus.

Developed in collaboration with project partner RML Group, the race-ready concept is yet another milestone in the transformation which is taking place in every area of the Lotus business and brand.

Following the July launch of the Lotus Emira and its dynamic debut at Goodwood Festival of Speed, Lotus and RML Group are committed to writing a successful new chapter in the legendary Lotus motorsport story.

Most recently, that has been via the Evora GT4, which won prestigious races and championships including in British GT, Dubai 24hrs, Barcelona 24hrs, European GT, Sepang 12hrs and the Pirelli World Challenge.

Almost all modern Lotus road cars have had race-ready siblings and the Emira is no exception. Each customer car will be a homologated performance machine, hand-built with lightweight motorsport components and equipment to meet the latest safety regulations.

The Hethel-based development team has focused on precision engineering to deliver outstanding dynamics and high-speed stability. The advanced composite bodywork makes the car exceptionally lightweight and, coupled with Toyota’s race-proven 3.5-litre V6 engine and optimised GT4 aerodynamics derived from the road-going Emira’s advanced exterior design, the Emira GT4 promises to be more than competitive.

Richard Selwin, Race Programme Manager, Lotus, commented: “The all-new Emira GT4 is an exciting next step following the hugely successful launch of the Emira road car. We have worked hard with the team at RML Group to ensure this next-generation of Lotus GT car will deliver race-winning performance.”

Simon Holloway, Commercial Director, RML Group, commented: “We are delighted to be collaborating with Lotus on the all-new Emira GT4 Concept. Both companies have a long and successful motorsport pedigree, and to bring that together at such an exciting time for Lotus is a welcome validation of our vision and values.”

Gavan Kershaw, today the Director of Vehicle Attributes for Lotus but previously a GT championship-winning driver of Lotus race cars, has been involved in the development of the Emira GT4 from the start. He commented: “The all-new chassis on which the Emira has been developed is the perfect starting point for a high-performance race car. Everyone at Lotus is so excited to be returning to world motorsport and to be doing so with such a competitive race car.”

Lotus has been synonymous with racing success ever since the Mark I, a trials car hand-built by founder Colin Chapman in 1948, and the company has pioneered many of the technical innovations which make racing the thrilling sport it is today. The impressive roll-call of honours includes seven Formula 1 Constructors' titles, six Drivers' Championships and the Indianapolis 500.

The return to world motorsport is a key pillar of the company’s transformation. Earlier this year Lotus Engineering, the consultancy division of the business, became technical partner to JBXE, the Extreme E race team led by F1 world champion Jenson Button.

The Lotus Emira GT4 will be officially launched later this year at an event on the Hethel test track, the iconic 2.2-mile circuit which has hosted the development of some of the world’s most famous race cars.

Lotus aims to build a limited number of Emira GT4 race cars for the 2022 season, increasing production for 2023 in line with global demand. Interested parties are invited to contact the Lotus motorsport department directly via motorsport@lotuscars.com
 

Lotus Emira GT4 tech spec and target performance data

Engine

Toyota V6 2GR-FE

Cubic Capacity

3.5-litres

Power

400bhp*

RPM

7,200rpm

Supercharger 

Harrop TVS 1900 

Transmission 

6-speed xTrac with paddleshift + limited slip differential

Fuel cell capacity

96-litres FIA-approved fuel cell 

Electronics

Motec-supplied dashboard with data-logging + bespoke motorsport loom

Suspension

Front and rear double-wishbone / Öhlins coil-over dampers / anti-roll bars

Brakes 

Alcon discs and calipers + Bosch Motorsport ABS

Tyres

Pirelli GT4 265/645x18 (front) and 305/680x18 (rear)

Safety equipment

FIA-compliant roll cage, six-point harness and fire extinguisher

Dimensions

Length 4,410mm / height 1,290mm / track 1,664mm

Dry weight

1,260kg*

         *Subject to balance of performance